เพ็ญนภา หงษ์ทอง

นักเขียน นักแปลอิสระ อดีตนักข่าวสิ่งแวดล้อม สนใจประเด็นทางสังคม การกดขี่ภายใต้การอ้างความชอบธรรมของกฎ ระเบียบ กฎหมาย และโครงสร้างอำนาจ มีผลงานแปลหลากหลาย อาทิ No Logo โดย นาโอมิ ไคลน์ รวมถึง พระนิพนธ์ขององค์ทะไล ลามะ

ท่องอาณาจักรทรัพย์สินทางปัญญา ‘แมคโดนัลด์’ 70 ปีของความลับทางการค้า

4 Sep 20234 Sep 2023 Focus

ผ่าทางตันจัดตั้งรัฐบาล เมื่อกษัตริย์สเปนเสนอชื่อผู้นำอนุรักษนิยมเป็นนายกฯ

28 Aug 202328 Aug 2023 Focus

<img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/>

ศิลปะ AI เมื่อเทคโนโลยีเดินนำหน้าแนวคิดทรัพย์สินทางปัญญา

21 Aug 202321 Aug 2023 Focus

<img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/>

ไฟป่าฮาวาย หายนะโลกร้อน ฝีมือมนุษย์ หรืออุบัติเหตุ

15 Aug 202316 Aug 2023 Focus, world

<img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/>

‘หนังสือต้องห้าม’ สำหรับนักเรียน เสรีภาพที่ไม่มีอยู่จริงในระบบการศึกษาสหรัฐ

8 Aug 20238 Aug 2023 Focus, world

<img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/>

‘เราต่างมีกะลาครอบคนละใบ’ เปิดผลวิจัยอัลกอริธึมเฟซบุ๊ก เปลี่ยนทัศนคติผู้คนได้จริงหรือ

7 Aug 20239 Aug 2023 Focus

<img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/>

จีนสมัยใหม่กับปรากฏการณ์ ‘ลูกเต็มเวลา’ เมื่อการแข่งขันในตลาดงานสูงเกินความอดทนของคนหนุ่มสาว

24 Jul 202324 Jul 2023 Focus

<img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/>

100 ปีแห่งความอยุติธรรมที่ทัลซา เมื่อทุ่งสังหารคนดำถูกแปลงเป็นเขตเศรษฐกิจของคนขาว

17 Jul 202317 Jul 2023 world

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แก๊งค้ายา-ขวาสุดขั้ว-ซ้ายตกขอบ การปะทะกันของวัฒนธรรมย่อยในบันทึกประวัติศาสตร์จลาจลฝรั่งเศส

10 Jul 202310 Jul 2023 Focus

<img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default lazyload' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 40px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 40/40;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=40&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo avatar-default' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/>

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